Type 2 diabetes (T2D), formerly known as adult-onset diabetes, is a form of diabetes that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. Common symptoms include increased thirst, frequent urination, and unexplained weight loss. Symptoms may also include increased hunger, feeling tired, and sores that do not heal. Often symptoms come on slowly.
Long-term complications from high blood sugar include heart disease, strokes, diabetic retinopathy which can result in blindness, kidney failure, and poor blood flow in the limbs which may lead to amputations. The sudden onset of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state may occur; however, ketoacidosis is uncommon. Type 2 diabetes primarily occurs as a result of obesity and lack of exercise. Some people are more genetically at risk than others. Type 2 diabetes makes up about 90% of cases of diabetes, with the other 10% due primarily to type 1 diabetes and gestational diabetes.
As of 2015 there were approximately 392 million people diagnosed with the disease compared to around 30 million in 1985. Typically, it begins in middle or older age, although rates of type 2 diabetes are increasing in young people. Type 2 diabetes is associated with a ten-year-shorter life expectancy.
| Total samples: | 372 |
|---|---|
| Females: | 123 |
| Males: | 118 |
| Age: | 57.5 (13-86) |
| BMI: | 24.8 (16.0-44.6) |
| Enriched in | 64 species |
|---|---|
| Depleted in | 39 species |
PRJEB1786 - 10.1038/nature12198
PRJNA289586 - 10.1038/NMICROBIOL.2016.180
PRJNA361402 - 10.1038/nm.4345
PRJNA422434 - 10.1038/nature11450
